A total of 613 birds and animals were submitted to the Veterinary Laboratory (VL) in Surkhet for postmortem examination to determine the cause of mortality in 2080/81 B.S. Through detailed pathological analysis, the lab diagnosed various diseases affecting these animals, providing crucial insights into regional disease patterns and mortality factors. Postmortem findings are essential for identifying specific pathogens, organ dysfunction, and other contributing factors that may not be apparent during antemortem examinations. This information is vital for developing targeted interventions to reduce mortality, improve animal health, and inform preventive measures for livestock owners, veterinarians, and animal health workers in the region. The breakdown of diagnosed diseases is presented in the accompanying table and fiure, highlighting the most common and severe conditions affecting livestock and poultry populations..

Table: Animal species brought at VL for PM examination

Figure: Result of Post-mortem finding in poultry

Skin Scraping Test

            Among 58 skin scrapings tested at the Veterinary Laboratory (VL) in Surkhet, 9 samples yielded positive results for various skin infections. Specifically, Sarcoptic mites were identified in 4 goat samples, indicating sarcoptic mange, a common parasitic skin condition that can cause severe itching and skin damage. Additionally, Demodex mites were found in 4 dog samples, often leading to demodectic mange, which can result in hair loss and secondary infections in affected animals. A single case of a fungal infection was detected in a buffalo sample, highlighting the diverse range of dermatological issues faced by different species.

Clinico-Hematological Test

The Hematology Unit at the Veterinary Laboratory (VL) in Surkhet offers comprehensive routine hematological testing for various animals and poultry, aiding in the early detection and management of blood-related disorders and infections. Key hematological parameters measured include Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Total Leukocyte Count (TLC), Differential Leukocyte Count (DLC), hemoglobin (Hb) levels, and Packed Cell Volume (PCV). Additionally, the unit performs blood smear staining to identify blood protozoa. In recent assessments, Anaplasma and Babesia species were prevalent among blood samples collected from improved breeds of cattle in the Bardiya and Surkhet districts. A total of 221 samples were processed in the Hematology unit, providing veterinarians with essential diagnostic insights to guide treatment and improve animal health outcomes. 

Urine Test

 Out of 103 urine samples tested 5samples were found abnormal.